Prevalence and causes of hearing impairment in Fundong Health District, North-west Cameroon

Summary

The objective was to estimate the prevalence and causes of hearing impairment in Fundong Health District, North‐West Cameroon. We selected 51 clusters of 80 people (all ages) through probability proportionate to size sampling. Initial hearing screening was undertaken through an otoacoustic emission (OAE) test. Participants aged 4+ years who failed this test in both ears or for whom an OAE reading could not be taken underwent a manual pure‐tone audiometry (PTA) screening. Cases of hearing impairment were defined as those with pure‐tone average ≥41 dBHL in adults and ≥35 dBHL in children in the better ear, or children under age 4 who failed the OAE test in both ears. Each case with hearing loss was examined by an ear, nose and throat nurse who indicated the main likely cause. We examined 3567 (86.9%) of 4104 eligible people. The overall prevalence of hearing impairment was 3.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.8–4.6). The prevalence was low in people aged 0–17 (1.1%, 0.7–1.8%) and 18–49 (1.1%, 0.5–2.6%) and then rose sharply in people aged 50+ (14.8%, 11.7–19.1%). Among cases, the majority were classified as moderate (76%), followed by severe (15%) and profound (9%). More than one‐third of cases of hearing impairment were classified as unknown (37%) or conductive (37%) causes, while sensorineural causes were less common (26%). Prevalence of hearing impairment in North‐West Cameroon is in line with the WHO estimate for sub‐Saharan Africa. The majority of cases with known causes are treatable, with impacted wax playing a major role.